METHODS FOR REDUCING THE CONTENT OF TOXIC COMPONENTS IN WASTE GASES MARINE DIESEL

Abstract

The article analyzes the methods of reducing the toxic components of the exhaust gases of marine diesels and generates a summary table.

It has been determined that the protection of the environment has recently become a global problem of mankind. The constant increase in the consumption of carbohydrate fuels and emissions of harmful substances from their use causes a violation of the natural process of self-purification of the biosphere and is a threat to human life. To stop this process, international agreements have been signed, state resolutions and programs to protect the environment from harmful emissions have been adopted.

The most dangerous components of the exhaust gases of marine diesel engines are considered to be NOx nitrogen oxides and SOx sulfur oxides. Given the specifics of marine diesel engines, most countries regulate only the emissions of nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gases, as well as restrictions on the sulfur content in marine fuels, resulting in rising fuel prices and increased operating costs.

It is concluded that the development of measures to reduce the toxicity of exhaust gases can be carried out in the following areas: improving the design of the engine, taking into account operational factors with adjusting the control parameters of the diesel engine, the use of alternative fuels. It is identified that the most promising solutions in the field of minimizing emissions of marine diesel engines can be reflected in the following areas of research and technological development: adaptation of engine design; optimization of fuel equipment; use of catalysts for selective neutralization; use of water-fuel emulsions.

It is proved that the most acceptable methods are to improve the working process of the diesel engine (in its favor the following indicators: low initial costs associated mainly with the modernization of individual engine components, virtually constant operating costs and low technical risk) and the use of water fuel emulsions.