SUBJECTS AND PRINCIPLES OF THE INTERNATIONAL MARITIME LAW

Abstract

Modern realities of human development with renewed vigor emphasize the need to preserve natural resources, in particular, the oceans. Maritime activities have always been one of the most important factors in economic growth and national security of any country. In order to prevent the escalation of international confrontation and to regulate relations between the subjects of law on the use of certain maritime territories for commercial and non-commercial purposes, legal norms have been approved that have been formed over many centuries. The developed system of rules of International Maritime Law is aimed at the protection and preservation of maritime space and its resources, ensuring equal and free access to the riches of the oceans to all subjects of legal relations, regardless of their level of socio-economic development.

The formation of Ukraine as a strong maritime state necessitates the education of highly qualified specialists in the field of maritime affairs who are competent in matters of international maritime law, fundamental rights and responsibilities of its subjects, as well as the principles of international maritime law. All of the above determines the relevance of the outlined research topic.

The article defines the essence of the concept of "International Maritime Law", indicates its types, subjects, legal doctrine of formation and principles. It is established that the relations between the main participants (subjects) of maritime affairs are governed by both generally accepted principles of international law and special (sectoral), which arose as a result of the practical activities of legal entities in the oceans. The concept of control and coordination of international relations in maritime affairs is reflected, which is based on a system of principles enshrined in international treaties. It is stated that the main subjects of legal relations in the maritime sector are states and international organizations. It is noted that the principles defined by international law are aimed at preserving the sovereignty, territorial integrity of each state, peaceful resolution of conflicts between participants in international relations, their cooperation and fulfillment of obligations to the world community, respect for human rights and freedoms, respect for cultural identity use, protection and preservation of the marine environment, etc.