MODERNIZATION OF THE RIVER FLEET: INCREASING THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY COEFFICIENT

Abstract

Inland water transport is traditionally considered one of the most energy-efficient modes of freight transportation, with specific energy consumption 5–10 times lower than road transport and 2–5 times lower than rail. However, the technical condition of the Ukrainian river fleet remains critically low. Most vessels were built in the 1960s–1980s: the average age exceeds 35–40 years, and the depreciation rate of fixed assets reaches 80–85%. Outdated equipment causes increased fuel consumption and low efficiency of ship power plants (SPP), which, combined with tightening international regulations (EEXI, CII), makes fleet modernization an urgent strategic priority, particularly for vessels operating on the Danube. Using the practical modernization of the «Kapitan Antipov» vessel (PJSC «UDP», October 2024) as a case study, the paper analyzes the replacement of SGP Typ T112 SO main engines (2×772 kW) with Mitsubishi S12R-MPTAW (2×940 kW) and MWM diesel generators with Volvo Penta units (2×239 kW). The new engines comply with Stage V (Euro 5) standards, hold EU type-approval certificates under Regulation (EU) 2016/1628, and are equipped with an SCR system using AdBlue reagent, enabling full compliance on both the Danube and Rhine rivers. The EEXI coefficient increased from 15.7 to 19.1, a 1.22-fold improvement, while specific fuel consumption decreased by 12–15% through re-motorization alone. Four key areas of further comprehensive modernization are systematized: hybrid propulsion with battery systems (15–25% fuel savings); main engine operating mode optimization combined with SEEMP digital management (10–20%); waste heat recovery via ORC systems and exhaust boilers (5–12%); hydrodynamic hull optimization and antifouling coatings (3–8%). Comprehensive modernization can increase overall propulsion complex efficiency from 0.25–0.30 to 0.38–0.45 and reduce specific fuel consumption by 20–35%, with a payback period of 5–8 years at current Danube freight rates.